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‎README.md

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# Dire Wolf
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# Dire Wolf #
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### Decoded Information from Radio Emissions for Windows Or Linux Fans ###
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### Decoded Information from Radio Emissions for Windows Or Linux Fans
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In the early days of Amateur Packet Radio, it was necessary to use an expensive "Terminal Node Controller" (TNC) with specialized hardware. Those days are gone. You can now get better results at lower cost by connecting your radio to the "soundcard" interface of a computer and using software to decode the signals.
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Version 1.7 adds [IL2P](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved_Layer_2_Protocol), a different method of FEC with less overhead but it is not compatible with AX.25.
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### Dire Wolf is a modern software replacement for the old 1980's style TNC built with special hardware. ###
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### Dire Wolf is a modern software replacement for the old 1980's style TNC built with special hardware.
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Without any additional software, it can perform as:
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- APRS GPS Tracker
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- Digipeater
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- Internet Gateway (IGate)
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- [APRStt](http://www.aprs.org/aprstt.html) gateway
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- APRS GPS Tracker
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- Digipeater
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- Internet Gateway (IGate)
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- [APRStt](http://www.aprs.org/aprstt.html) gateway
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It can also be used as a virtual TNC for other applications such as [APRSIS32](http://aprsisce.wikidot.com/), [Xastir](http://xastir.org/index.php/Main_Page), [APRS-TW](http://aprstw.blandranch.net/), [YAAC](http://www.ka2ddo.org/ka2ddo/YAAC.html), [PinPoint APRS](http://www.pinpointaprs.com/), [UI-View32](http://www.ui-view.net/),[UISS](http://users.belgacom.net/hamradio/uiss.htm), [Linux AX25](http://www.linux-ax25.org/wiki/Main_Page), [SARTrack](http://www.sartrack.co.nz/index.html), [Winlink Express (formerly known as RMS Express, formerly known as Winlink 2000 or WL2K)](http://www.winlink.org/RMSExpress), [BPQ32](http://www.cantab.net/users/john.wiseman/Documents/BPQ32.html), [Outpost PM](http://www.outpostpm.org/), [Ham Radio of Things](https://github.com/wb2osz/hrot), [Packet Compressed Sensing Imaging (PCSI)](https://maqifrnswa.github.io/PCSI/), [Packet Commander](https://packetcommander.com/), and many others.
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It can also be used as a virtual TNC for other applications such as [APRSIS32](http://aprsisce.wikidot.com/), [Xastir](http://xastir.org/index.php/Main_Page), [APRS-TW](http://aprstw.blandranch.net/), [YAAC](http://www.ka2ddo.org/ka2ddo/YAAC.html), [PinPoint APRS](http://www.pinpointaprs.com/), [UI-View32](http://www.ui-view.net/),[UISS](http://users.belgacom.net/hamradio/uiss.htm), [Linux AX25](http://www.linux-ax25.org/wiki/Main_Page), [SARTrack](http://www.sartrack.co.nz/index.html), [Winlink Express (formerly known as RMS Express, formerly known as Winlink 2000 or WL2K)](http://www.winlink.org/RMSExpress), [BPQ32](http://www.cantab.net/users/john.wiseman/Documents/BPQ32.html), [Outpost PM](http://www.outpostpm.org/), [Ham Radio of Things](https://github.com/wb2osz/hrot), [Packet Compressed Sensing Imaging (PCSI)](https://maqifrnswa.github.io/PCSI/), and many others.
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## Features & Benefits ##
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## Features & Benefits
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![](direwolf-block-diagram.png)
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### Dire Wolf includes: ###
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### Dire Wolf includes:
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- **Beaconing, Tracker, Telemetry Toolkit.**
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Send periodic beacons to provide information to others. For tracking the location is provided by a GPS receiver.
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Build your own telemetry applications with the toolkit.
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- **APRStt Gateway.**
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Very few hams have portable equipment for APRS but nearly everyone has a handheld radio that can send DTMF tones. APRStt allows a user, equipped with only DTMF (commonly known as Touch Tone) generation capability, to enter information into the global APRS data network. Responses can be sent by Morse Code or synthesized speech.
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- **Digipeaters for APRS and traditional Packet Radio.**
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Extend the range of other stations by re-transmitting their signals. Unmatched flexibility for cross band repeating and filtering to limit what is retransmitted.
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- **Internet Gateway (IGate).**
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IGate stations allow communication between disjoint radio networks by allowing some content to flow between them over the Internet.
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- **Ham Radio of Things (HRoT).**
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There have been occasional mentions of merging Ham Radio with the Internet of Things but only ad hoc incompatible narrowly focused applications. Here is a proposal for a standardized more flexible method so different systems can communicate with each other.
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[Ham Radio of Things - IoT over Ham Radio](https://github.com/wb2osz/hrot)
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- **AX.25 v2.2 Link Layer.**
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Traditional connected mode packet radio where the TNC automatically retries transmissions and delivers data in the right order.
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- **KISS Interface (TCP/IP, serial port, Bluetooth) & AGW network Interface (TCP/IP).**
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Dire Wolf can be used as a virtual TNC for applications such as [APRSIS32](http://aprsisce.wikidot.com/), [Xastir](http://xastir.org/index.php/Main_Page), [APRS-TW](http://aprstw.blandranch.net/), [YAAC](http://www.ka2ddo.org/ka2ddo/YAAC.html), [PinPoint APRS](http://www.pinpointaprs.com/), [UI-View32](http://www.ui-view.net/),[UISS](http://users.belgacom.net/hamradio/uiss.htm), [Linux AX25](http://www.linux-ax25.org/wiki/Main_Page), [SARTrack](http://www.sartrack.co.nz/index.html), [Winlink Express (formerly known as RMS Express, formerly known as Winlink 2000 or WL2K)](http://www.winlink.org/RMSExpress), [BPQ32](http://www.cantab.net/users/john.wiseman/Documents/BPQ32.html), [Outpost PM](http://www.outpostpm.org/), [Ham Radio of Things](https://github.com/wb2osz/hrot), [Packet Compressed Sensing Imaging (PCSI)](https://maqifrnswa.github.io/PCSI/), and many others.
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### Radio Interfaces: ###
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### Radio Interfaces:
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- **Uses computer's "soundcard" and digital signal processing.**
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Lower cost and better performance than specialized hardware.
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Compatible interfaces include [DRAWS](http://nwdigitalradio.com/draws/), [UDRC](https://nw-digital-radio.groups.io/g/udrc/wiki/UDRC%E2%84%A2-and-Direwolf-Packet-Modem), [SignaLink USB](http://www.tigertronics.com/slusbmain.htm), [DMK URI](http://www.dmkeng.com/URI_Order_Page.htm), [RB-USB RIM](http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/usb-rim-lite.html), [RA-35](http://www.masterscommunications.com/products/radio-adapter/ra35.html), [DINAH](https://hamprojects.info/dinah/), [SHARI](https://hamprojects.info/shari/), and many others.
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- **Modems:**
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300 bps AFSK for HF
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1200 bps AFSK most common for VHF/UHF
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2400 & 4800 bps PSK
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9600 bps GMSK/G3RUH
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AIS reception
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EAS SAME reception
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- **DTMF ("Touch Tone") Decoding and Encoding.**
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- **Speech Synthesizer interface & Morse code generator.**
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- **Speech Synthesizer interface & Morse code generator.**
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Transmit human understandable messages.
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- **Compatible with Software Defined Radios such as gqrx, rtl_fm, and SDR#.**
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- **Concurrent operation with up to 3 soundcards and 6 radios.**
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### Portable & Open Source: ###
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### Portable & Open Source:
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- **Runs on Windows, Linux (PC/laptop, Raspberry Pi, etc.), Mac OSX.**
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## Documentation ##
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## Documentation
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[Stable Version](https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/tree/master/doc)
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Youtube has many interesting and helpful videos. Searching for [direwolf tnc](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=direwolf+tnc) or [direwolf aprs](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=direwolf+aprs) will produce the most relevant results.
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## Installation ##
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## Installation
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### Windows ###
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### Windows
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Go to the [**releases** page](https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/releases). Download a zip file with "win" in its name, unzip it, and run direwolf.exe from a command window.
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You can also build it yourself from source. For more details see the **User Guide** in the [**doc** directory](https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/tree/master/doc).
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### Linux - Using git clone (recommended) ###
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### Linux - Using git clone (recommended)
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***Note that this has changed for version 1.6. There are now a couple extra steps.***
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First you will need to install some software development packages using different commands depending on your flavor of Linux.
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In most cases, the first few will already be there and the package installer will tell you that installation is not necessary.
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First you need to enable the EPEL repository. Add a symlink if you don't already have the older version and want to type cmake rather than cmake3.
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sudo yum install epel-release
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sudo rpm -e cmake
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sudo yum install cmake3
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sudo ln -s /usr/bin/cmake3 /usr/bin/cmake
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sudo rpm -e cmake
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sudo yum install cmake3
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sudo ln -s /usr/bin/cmake3 /usr/bin/cmake
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Then on any flavor of Linux:
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cd ~
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git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf
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cd direwolf
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cd ~
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git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf
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cd direwolf
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git checkout dev
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mkdir build && cd build
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cmake ..
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make -j4
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sudo make install
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make install-conf
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mkdir build && cd build
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cmake ..
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make -j4
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sudo make install
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make install-conf
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This gives you the latest development version. Leave out the "git checkout dev" to get the most recent stable release.
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For more details see the **User Guide** in the [**doc** directory](https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/tree/master/doc). Special considerations for the Raspberry Pi are found in **Raspberry-Pi-APRS.pdf**
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### Linux - Using apt-get (Debian flavor operating systems) ###
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### Linux - Using apt-get (Debian flavor operating systems)
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Results will vary depending on your hardware platform and operating system version because it depends on various volunteers who perform the packaging. Expect the version to lag significantly behind development.
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sudo apt-get update
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apt-cache showpkg direwolf
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sudo apt-get install direwolf
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sudo apt-get update
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apt-cache showpkg direwolf
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sudo apt-get install direwolf
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### Linux - Using yum (Red Hat flavor operating systems) ###
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### Linux - Using yum (Red Hat flavor operating systems)
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Results will vary depending on your hardware platform and operating system version because it depends on various volunteers who perform the packaging. Expect the version to lag significantly behind development.
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sudo yum check-update
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sudo yum list direwolf
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sudo yum install direwolf
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sudo yum check-update
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sudo yum list direwolf
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sudo yum install direwolf
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### Macintosh macOS - Using Homebrew ###
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### Macintosh macOS - Using Homebrew
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The following instructions have been verified on macOS Ventura 13.6 (M2) and macOS High Sierra 10.13.6 (Intel).
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You will need to install the following packages using Homebrew:
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brew install hidapi
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brew install cmake
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brew install portaudio
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brew install hidapi
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Then follow the same instructions as above for the Linux `git clone` build:
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cd direwolf
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git checkout dev
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mkdir build && cd build
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cmake ..
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This gives you the latest development version. Leave out the "git checkout dev" to get the most recent stable release.
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For more information, see the ***User Guide*** in the [**doc** directory](https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/tree/master/doc).
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If you have problems, post them to the [Dire Wolf packet TNC](https://groups.io/g/direwolf) discussion group.
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### Macintosh macOS - Prebuilt version ###
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### Macintosh macOS - Prebuilt version
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You can also install a pre-built version from MacPorts. Keeping this up to date depends on volunteers who perform the packaging. This version could lag behind development.
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## Join the conversation
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## Join the conversation ##
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Here are some good places to ask questions and share your experience:
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- [Dire Wolf Software TNC](https://groups.io/g/direwolf)
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- [linuxham](https://groups.io/g/linuxham)
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- [TAPR aprssig](http://www.tapr.org/pipermail/aprssig/)
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The github "issues" section is for reporting software defects and enhancement requests. It is NOT a place to ask questions or have general discussions. Please use one of the locations above.
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[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=hkociemba/RubiksCube-TwophaseSolver&type=Date)](https://star-history.com/#wb2osz/direwolf&Date)

‎src/ax25_pad.h

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#define AX25_PID_NETROM 0xcf /* protocol ID used for NET/ROM */
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#define AX25_PID_SEGMENTATION_FRAGMENT 0x08
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#define AX25_PID_ESCAPE_CHARACTER 0xff
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#define AX25_PID_ZLIB_COMPRESSED 0xf5 /* Dave's creation */
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#ifdef AX25_PAD_C /* Keep this hidden - implementation could change. */

‎src/xid.c

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#define PI_Ack_Timer 9
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// Is this stanard or Dave's creation?
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#define PI_Compression_Algorithm_Mask 65
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#define PI_TX_Window_Bits 66
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#define PI_RX_Window_Bits 67
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// Forget about the bit order at the physical layer (e.g. HDLC).
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// PI_Compression_Algorithm_Mask
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// PI_TX_Window_Bits
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// PI_RX_Window_Bits
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}

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